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John Thune

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John Thune
Republican Party
Candidate, U.S. Senate South Dakota
U.S. Senate South Dakota
Tenure
2005 - Present
Term ends
2029
Years in position
20
Prior offices:
Representative U. S. House of Representatives
Years in office: 1997 - 2003
Compensation
Base salary
$193,400
Net worth
(2012) $384,509.50
Elections and appointments
Last election
November 8, 2022
Next election
November 7, 2028
Education
Bachelor's
Biola University, 1983
Graduate
University of South Dakota, 1984
Personal
Religion
Christian: Protestant
Contact
Official website
Official Facebook
Official X
Official Instagram
Official YouTube
Campaign website
Campaign Facebook
Campaign X
Campaign Instagram
Campaign YouTube

John Thune (Republican Party) is a member of the U.S. Senate from South Dakota. He assumed office on January 3, 2005. His current term ends on January 3, 2029.

Republicans elected Thune as Senate majority leader in November 2024, succeeding Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) as leader of the Republican caucus.

Thune was born in Pierre, South Dakota, in 1961.[1] Thune earned his bachelor's degree from Biola University in La Mirada, California, and his master's degree in business administration from the University of South Dakota at Vermillion in 1984. Thune worked as a legislative aide for U.S. Sen. Jim Abdnor (R-S.D.), and President Ronald Reagan (R) appointed Thune to the Small Business Administration. He returned to South Dakota in 1989 and served as executive director of the Republican Party of South Dakota for two years, state railroad director for two years, and executive director of the South Dakota Municipal League for three years.[2]

Thune ran for South Dakota's at-large seat in the U.S. House in 1996. He defeated Lt. Gov. Carole Hillard (R) in the Republican primary 59%-41% and Rick Weiland (D) 58%-37% in the general election.[3] Thune won re-election in 1998 and 2000 with more than 70% of the vote.[4][5] Thune pledged to serve three terms in his 1996 campaign and ran for Senate instead of for re-election in 2002. He lost to Sen. Tim Johnson (D-S.D.) by 532 votes.[6]

Thune won election to the Senate in 2004, defeating Senate Minority Leader Tom Daschle (D-S.D.) 50.6%-49.4%.[7] He was re-elected unopposed in 2010 and won with more than 70% of the vote in both 2016 and 2022. He was elected to the position of Republican Conference chair (third-ranking position) in 2012 and Republican whip (second-ranking position) in 2019.[8]

In the November 2024 leadership election, Thune defeated Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) in the final round of voting 29-24, with Sen. Rick Scott (R) eliminated in a preliminary round of voting.[9] Following his election, Thune said, "I am extremely honored to have earned the support of my colleagues to lead the Senate in the 119th Congress. I am beyond proud of the work we have done to secure our majority and the White House. This Republican team is united behind President Trump’s agenda, and our work starts today."[10]

Biography

Thune was born in Pierre, South Dakota, in 1961.[1] He Thune earned his bachelor's degree from Biola University in 1983 and his master's degree in business administration from the University of South Dakota at Vermillion in 1984.[11] Thune's professional experience included working as a staffer for U.S. Sen. James Abdnor (R), for the Small Business Administration and directing the South Dakota State Republican Party, state Railroad Division, and state Municipal League.[11] He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1997 to 2003.[11]

Committee assignments

U.S. Senate

2025-2026

Thune was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

2023-2024

Thune was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

2021-2022

Thune was assigned to the following committees:[Source]

2017-2018

At the beginning of the 115th Congress, Thune was assigned to the following committees:[12]

2015-2016

Thune served on the following committees:[13]

2013-2014

Thune served on the following Senate committees:[14]

  • Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
    • Subcommittee on Nutrition, Specialty Crops, Food and Agricultural Research
    • Subcommittee on Conservation, Forestry and Natural Resources
    • Subcommittee on Jobs, Rural Economic Growth and Energy Innovation
  • Commerce, Science and Transportation
    • Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security
    • Subcommittee on Science and Space
    • Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
    • Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Insurance
    • Subcommittee on Competitiveness, Innovation, and Export Promotion
    • Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet
    • Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
  • Finance
    • The Subcommittee on International Trade, Customs, and Global Competitiveness
    • The Subcommittee on Energy, Natural Resources, and Infrastructure
    • The Subcommittee on Taxation and IRS Oversight

2011-2012

Thune served on the following Senate committees:[15]

Elections

2028

See also: United States Senate election in South Dakota, 2028

Note: At this time, Ballotpedia is combining all declared candidates for this election into one list under a general election heading. As primary election dates are published, this information will be updated to separate general election candidates from primary candidates as appropriate.

General election

The general election will occur on November 7, 2028.

General election for U.S. Senate South Dakota

Incumbent John Thune is running in the general election for U.S. Senate South Dakota on November 7, 2028.

Candidate
Image of John Thune
John Thune (R)

Incumbents are bolded and underlined.

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Endorsements

Ballotpedia is gathering information about candidate endorsements. To send us an endorsement, click here.

2022

See also: United States Senate election in South Dakota, 2022

General election

General election for U.S. Senate South Dakota

Incumbent John Thune defeated Brian Bengs and Tamara Lesnar in the general election for U.S. Senate South Dakota on November 8, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of John Thune
John Thune (R)
 
69.6
 
242,316
Image of Brian Bengs
Brian Bengs (D)
 
26.1
 
91,007
Image of Tamara Lesnar
Tamara Lesnar (L) Candidate Connection
 
4.2
 
14,697

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 348,020
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Democratic primary election

The Democratic primary election was canceled. Brian Bengs advanced from the Democratic primary for U.S. Senate South Dakota.

Republican primary election

Republican primary for U.S. Senate South Dakota

Incumbent John Thune defeated Bruce Whalen and Mark Mowry in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate South Dakota on June 7, 2022.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of John Thune
John Thune
 
72.2
 
85,613
Image of Bruce Whalen
Bruce Whalen Candidate Connection
 
20.3
 
24,071
Image of Mark Mowry
Mark Mowry Candidate Connection
 
7.4
 
8,827

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 118,511
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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Withdrawn or disqualified candidates

Libertarian convention

Libertarian convention for U.S. Senate South Dakota

Tamara Lesnar advanced from the Libertarian convention for U.S. Senate South Dakota on April 23, 2022.

Candidate
✔
Image of Tamara Lesnar
Tamara Lesnar (L) Candidate Connection

There were no incumbents in this race. The results have been certified. Source

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

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2016

See also: United States Senate election in South Dakota, 2016

Heading into the election, Ballotpedia rated South Dakota's U.S. Senate race as safely Republican. Incumbent John Thune (R) defeated Jay Williams (D) in the general election on November 8, 2016. No candidate faced a primary opponent in June.[16]

U.S. Senate, South Dakota General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Thune Incumbent 71.8% 265,516
     Democratic Jay Williams 28.2% 104,140
Total Votes 369,656
Source: South Dakota Secretary of State

2010

On November 2, 2010, Thune won re-election to the United States Senate. He ran unopposed in the general election.[17]

U.S. Senate, South Dakota General Election, 2010
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngJohn Thune Incumbent 100% 227,947
Total Votes 227,947

Full history


Campaign themes

2028

Ballotpedia survey responses

See also: Ballotpedia's Candidate Connection

Candidate Connection

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Twitter

2022

John Thune did not complete Ballotpedia's 2022 Candidate Connection survey.

Campaign finance summary

Note: The finance data shown here comes from the disclosures required of candidates and parties. Depending on the election or state, this may represent only a portion of all the funds spent on their behalf. Satellite spending groups may or may not have expended funds related to the candidate or politician on whose page you are reading this disclaimer. Campaign finance data from elections may be incomplete. For elections to federal offices, complete data can be found at the FEC website. Click here for more on federal campaign finance law and here for more on state campaign finance law.

John Thune campaign contribution history
YearOfficeStatusContributionsExpenditures
2022U.S. Senate South DakotaWon general$13,176,739 $6,877,438
2016U.S. Senate, South DakotaWon $10,366,927 N/A**
2010U.S. Senate (South Dakota)Won $12,518,942 N/A**
2004U.S. Senate (South Dakota)Won $16,247,089 N/A**
2002U.S. Senate (South Dakota)Won $5,514,226 N/A**
2000U.S. House (South Dakota, At-large district)Won $1,221,843 N/A**
** Data on expenditures is not available for this election cycle
Note: Totals above reflect only available data.

Notable endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section displays endorsements this individual made in elections within Ballotpedia's coverage scope.

Notable candidate endorsements by John Thune
EndorseeElectionStageOutcome
John Cornyn  source  (R) U.S. Senate Texas (2026) Primary–
Donald Trump  source  (Conservative Party, R) President of the United States (2024) PrimaryWon General
Tim Scott  source President of the United States (2024) PrimaryWithdrew in Convention
Kari Lake  source  (R) U.S. Senate Arizona (2024) PrimaryLost General
Jim Banks  source  (R) U.S. Senate Indiana (2024) PrimaryWon General
Tim Sheehy  source  (R) U.S. Senate Montana (2024) PrimaryWon General
Mitt Romney  source  (R) President of the United States (2012) PrimaryLost General
Notable ballot measure endorsements by John Thune
MeasurePositionOutcome
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)  source OpposeDefeated

Personal finance disclosures

Members of the Senate are required to file financial disclosure reports. You can search disclosure reports on the Senate’s official website here.

Analysis

Below are links to scores and rankings Ballotpedia compiled for members of Congress. We chose analyses that help readers understand how each individual legislator fit into the context of the chamber as a whole in terms of ideology, bill advancement, bipartisanship, and more.

If you would like to suggest an analysis for inclusion in this section, please email editor@ballotpedia.org.

119th Congress (2025-2027)

Rankings and scores for the 119th Congress

118th Congress (2023-2025)

Rankings and scores for the 118th Congress

117th Congress (2021-2023)

Rankings and scores for the 117th Congress

116th Congress (2019-2021)

Rankings and scores for the 116th Congress

115th Congress (2017-2019)

Rankings and scores for the 115th Congress

114th Congress (2015-2017)

Rankings and scores for the 114th Congress

113th Congress (2013-2015)

Rankings and scores for the 113th Congress

Noteworthy events

Federal government shutdown (2025)

See also: Federal government shutdown, 2025

Thune was the majority leader in the U.S. Senate during the 2025 federal government shutdown. The shutdown began at 12:01 a.m. on October 1, 2025, after the U.S. Congress was unable to vote to approve a budget bill. The shutdown ended on November 12, 2025, after President Donald Trump (R) signed the Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026 into law. This was the longest government shutdown in U.S. history at the time, at 42 full days long.

The U.S. House of Representatives voted 217-212 to approve an earlier version of the continuing resolution on September 19, which would have funded the government through November 21 and mostly extended funding at the same level, with some additional spending, such as additional funds for security for federal public officials. The U.S. Senate held fourteen votes on this bill from September 19 to November 4, which all failed to meet the 60-vote threshold to pass.[22]

On November 9, the Senate held a successful fifteenth vote on the continuing resolution. The next day, the Senate voted to invoke cloture on and pass an amended version of the continuing resolution that would fund the government through January 30, 2026, and would also include the reversal of federal employee firings during the shutdown and three funding bills for military construction and the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Department of Agriculture, and the legislative branch.[23] The Senate voted 60-40 on passage, with seven Democrats and one Independent who caucuses with Democrats joining 52 Republicans voting in favor.[24] The House voted 222-209 in favor of the bill on November 12.

In exchange for Democratic support of the bill, Senate Majority Leader John Thune (R-S.D.) said he would bring up a vote on Affordable Care Act subsidies in December 2025. The Senate had previously considered a Democrat-sponsored continuing resolution, which would have mostly extended funding at previous levels through October 31, and extended Affordable Care Act subsidies, through the form of extending enhanced premium tax credits. According to the Congressional Budget Office, the premium tax credit “is a refundable credit that helps eligible individuals and families cover the premiums for their health insurance purchased through the Health Insurance Marketplace.”[25] The Democrat-sponsored continuing resolution would have also repealed reductions to Medicaid funding from the One Big Beautiful Bill Act and limited the authority of the Office of Management and Budget to withhold appropriations. This bill failed to meet the 60-vote threshold during the seven votes held on the bill from September 19 to October 9.[26]

Selection as Senate majority leader (2025)

See also: U.S. Senate leadership elections, 2025

Sen. John Thune (R-S.D.) was elected majority leader on November 13, defeating Sens. John Cornyn (R-Texas) and Rick Scott (R-Fla.). Thune defeated Cornyn 29-24 on the second ballot. Scott was eliminated on the first ballot, receiving 13 votes to Thune's 23 and Cornyn's 15.[27]

In February 2024, Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.), who had served as the Republican U.S. Senate leader since 2007, announced he would not seek re-election to the position in the 119th Congress.[28] In a statement McConnell said, "If you would have told me forty years later that I would stand before you as the longest serving Senate leader in history - I would have thought you’d lost your mind. I have the honor of representing Kentucky in the Senate longer than anyone else in our history. I just never could have imagined that happening when I arrived here in 1984. I am filled with heartfelt gratitude and humility for the opportunity. But now it’s 2024. As I said, I am now 82. [...] So, I stand before you today, Mr. President and my colleagues, to say that this will be my last term as Republican leader of the Senate."[29]

Cornyn announced his candidacy on February 29, 2024, saying, "Throughout my time I’ve built a track record of listening to colleagues and seeking consensus, while leading the fight to stop bad policies that are harmful to our nation and the conservative cause."[30] Cornyn served as Republican Senate whip from 2013 to 2019.[31]

Thune announced his candidacy on March 4, 2024, saying, "as we look at a new generation of consistent, principled, conservative leadership in the United States Senate that empowers our Senate Republicans, that puts a check and [balance] against [...] a very liberal Schumer/Biden agenda, I’m prepared to lead that effort."[32] Thune served as the Republican Senate whip from 2019 to 2023.[33]

Scott announced his candidacy on May 22, 2024. In a letter to Senate Republicans, Scott said, "I have decided to run for Senate Republican leader because I believe now is a moment we need dramatic change. I believe that our voters want us to use this leadership election to make a choice to upend the status quo in Washington."[34] Scott ran against McConnell for minority leader ahead of the 118th Congress in 2022. He was defeated 37-10 with one senator not voting.[35]

One senator — Josh Hawley (R-Mo.) — publicly endorsed Cornyn for the position, four senators — Steve Daines (R-Mont.), Mike Rounds (R-S.D.), Markwayne Mullin (R-Okla.), and Kevin Cramer (R-N.D.) — publicly endorsed Thune, and eight senators — Ron Johnson (R-Wis.), Rand Paul (R-Ky.), Marco Rubio (R-Fla.), Bill Hagerty (R-Tenn.), Tommy Tuberville (R-N.C.), Mike Lee (R-Utah), Marsha Blackburn (R-Tenn.), and Ted Cruz (R-Texas) — publicly endorsed Scott.[36][37][38]

Donald Trump (R), the projected winner of the 2024 presidential election, did not endorse a candidate. In a post on Truth Social, he said, "Any Republican Senator seeking the coveted LEADERSHIP position in the United States Senate must agree to Recess Appointments (in the Senate!), without which we will not be able to get people confirmed in a timely manner. [...] Additionally, no Judges should be approved during this period of time because the Democrats are looking to ram through their Judges as the Republicans fight over Leadership."[39]

Selection as Senate minority whip (2023)

See also: U.S. Senate leadership elections, 2023

Thune was re-elected to be Senate minority whip in the 118th Congress when Senate Republicans held their leadership elections on November 16, 2022. He ran unopposed.[40]

Possible 2016 Republican vice presidential candidate

See also: Possible vice presidential picks, 2016

Thune was mentioned in 2016 as a possible Republican vice presidential candidate. Click here for the full list of those who were floated by politicians and news outlets as possible running mates.

Key votes

See also: Key votes

Ballotpedia monitors legislation that receives a vote and highlights the ones that we consider to be key to understanding where elected officials stand on the issues. To read more about how we identify key votes, click here.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025

The 118th United States Congress began on January 3, 2023, and ended on January 3, 2025. At the start of the session, Republicans held the majority in the U.S. House of Representatives (222-212), and Democrats held the majority in the U.S. Senate (51-49). Joe Biden (D) was the president and Kamala Harris (D) was the vice president. We identified the key votes below using Congress' top-viewed bills list and through marquee coverage of certain votes on Ballotpedia.

Key votes: 118th Congress, 2023-2025
Vote Bill and description Status
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (87-13)[42]
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (87-11)[44]
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (88-9)[46]
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (63-36)[48]
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (68-23)[50]
Yes check.svg Yea Red x.svg Failed (50-49)[52]
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (50-46)[54]
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (76-20)[56]
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (75-22)[58]
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (88-4)[60]
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (51-48)[62]
Red x.svg Nay Yes check.svg Passed (51-49)[64]
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (79-18)[66]
Red x.svg Nay Red x.svg Failed (43-50)[68]
Red x.svg Nay Red x.svg Failed (51-44)[70]
Yes check.svg Yea Yes check.svg Passed (78-18)[72]
Red x.svg Nay Red x.svg Failed (48-44)[74]


Key votes: Previous sessions of Congress


See also

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External links

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    Footnotes

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com, "John Thune ancestry," accessed January 23, 2025
    2. ↑ U.S. Senator John Thune, "Biography," accessed January 23, 2025
    3. ↑ National Journal, "South Dakota: Representative-At-Large," accessed January 23, 2025
    4. ↑ Our Campaigns, "SD At-Large - 1998" accessed January 23, 2025
    5. ↑ Our Campaigns, "SD At-Large - 2000" accessed January 23, 2025
    6. ↑ U.S. House Clerk, "South Dakota - 2002," accessed January 23, 2025
    7. ↑ U.S. House Clerk, "South Dakota - 2004," accessed January 23, 2025
    8. ↑ U.S. News & World Report, "Who Is Republican John Thune, the New Senate Majority Leader?" November 13, 2024
    9. ↑ X, "Jake Sherman on November 13, 2024," accessed November 13, 2024
    10. ↑ National Review, "Senate Republicans Elect John Thune Majority Leader," November 13, 2024
    11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, "John Thune," accessed September 15, 2025
    12. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 115th Congress," accessed January 19, 2017
    13. ↑ United States Senate, "Committee Assignments of the 114th Congress," accessed February 17, 2015
    14. ↑ Congressional Quarterly, "Senate Committee List," accessed January 22, 2013
    15. ↑ ABA.com, "Senate Republican Committee Assignments for the 112th Congress," accessed August 16, 2013
    16. ↑ South Dakota Secretary of State, "2016 Primary Election Candidate List," accessed April 1, 2016
    17. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010," accessed March 28, 2013
    18. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2004," accessed March 28, 2013
    19. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 7, 2000," accessed March 28, 2013
    20. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998," accessed March 28, 2013
    21. ↑ U.S. Congress House Clerk, "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 5, 1996," accessed March 28, 2013
    22. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5371 - Continuing Appropriations and Extensions Act, 2026," October 1, 2025
    23. ↑ Punchbowl News, "The Senate takes a big step toward reopening government," November 10, 2025
    24. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Upon Reconsideration, Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to H.R. 5371)," November 9, 2025
    25. ↑ Internal Revenue Service, “The Premium Tax Credit – The basics,” accessed September 25, 2025
    26. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.2882 - Continuing Appropriations and Extensions and Other Matters Act, 2026," accessed October 1, 2025
    27. ↑ X, "Jake Sherman on November 13, 2024," accessed November 13, 2024
    28. ↑ Associated Press, "McConnell will step down as the Senate Republican leader in November after a record run in the job," February 28, 2024
    29. ↑ Office of Mitch McConnell, "McConnell Remarks On Last Term As Republican Leader," February 28, 2024
    30. ↑ Texas Tribune, "John Cornyn announces he’s running for Senate GOP leader," February 29, 2024
    31. ↑ Senate.gov, "Republican Party Whips," accessed October 24, 2024
    32. ↑ KELO, "‘I hope to be’: Thune aiming for Senate GOP leader role," March 4, 2024
    33. ↑ Senate.gov, "Republican Party Whips," accessed October 24, 2024
    34. ↑ Politico, "Rick Scott Dear Colleague Letter," May 22, 2024
    35. ↑ CBS News, "McConnell reelected Senate GOP leader, overcoming challenge from Scott," November 16, 2022
    36. ↑ X, "Jake Sherman on November 11, 2024," accessed November 11, 2024
    37. ↑ X, "Jake Sherman on November 11, 2024," accessed November 12, 2024
    38. ↑ X, "Jake Sherman on November 13, 2024," accessed November 13, 2024
    39. ↑ Truth Social, "Trump on November 10, 2024," accessed November 11, 2024
    40. ↑ Axios, "McConnell re-elected as Senate GOP leader," November 16, 2022
    41. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2670 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2024," accessed February 27, 2024
    42. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2670 )," accessed May 15, 2025
    43. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6363 - Further Continuing Appropriations and Other Extensions Act, 2024," accessed February 27, 2024
    44. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 6363)," accessed May 15, 2025
    45. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5860 - Continuing Appropriations Act, 2024 and Other Extensions Act," accessed February 27, 2024
    46. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5860)," accessed May 15, 2025
    47. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3746 - Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023," accessed February 27, 2024
    48. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3746)," accessed May 15, 2025
    49. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.7 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on March 13, 2020." accessed February 23, 2024
    50. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 7)," accessed May 15, 2025
    51. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.44 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives relating to "Factoring Criteria for Firearms with Attached 'Stabilizing Braces'"" accessed February 28, 2024
    52. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 44)," accessed May 15, 2025
    53. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.30 - Providing for congressional disapproval under chapter 8 of title 5, United States Code, of the rule submitted by the Department of Labor relating to 'Prudence and Loyalty in Selecting Plan Investments and Exercising Shareholder Rights'." accessed February 23, 2024
    54. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 30)," accessed May 15, 2025
    55. ↑ Congress.gov, "Social Security Fairness Act of 2023." accessed February 13, 2025
    56. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 82)," accessed May 15, 2025
    57. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4366 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024," accessed February 13, 2025
    58. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Schumer Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 4366)," accessed May 15, 2025
    59. ↑ Congress.gov, "FAA Reauthorization Act of 2024," accessed February 13, 2025
    60. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3935, As Amended)," accessed May 15, 2025
    61. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.863- Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors." accessed February 13, 2025
    62. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Point of Order (Is the Schumer Constitutional Point of Order Against Article I Well Taken)," accessed May 15, 2025
    63. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.863- Impeaching Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas, Secretary of Homeland Security, for high crimes and misdemeanors." accessed February 13, 2025
    64. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Point of Order (Is the Schumer Constitutional Point of Order Against Article II Well Taken)," accessed May 15, 2025
    65. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.815 - Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2024, and for other purposes." accessed February 13, 2025
    66. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 815)," accessed May 15, 2025
    67. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.4361 - Border Act of 2024" accessed February 13, 2025
    68. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Proceed to S. 4361)," accessed May 15, 2025
    69. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.4445 - Right to IVF Act," accessed February 13, 2025
    70. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Proceed to S. 4445, Upon Reconsideration)," accessed May 15, 2025
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    76. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1319 - American Rescue Plan Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
    77. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5376 - Inflation Reduction Act of 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
    78. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1605 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022," accessed April 15, 2022
    79. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.7776 - James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
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    81. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.4346 - Chips and Science Act," accessed January 20, 2023
    82. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3755 - Women's Health Protection Act of 2021," accessed April 15, 2022
    83. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2471 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022," accessed January 20, 2023
    84. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.8404 - Respect for Marriage Act," accessed January 20, 2023
    85. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6833 - Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
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    88. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.2938 - Bipartisan Safer Communities Act," accessed January 20, 2023
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    91. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.350 - Domestic Terrorism Prevention Act of 2022," accessed January 23, 2023
    92. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.14 - A concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget for the United States Government for fiscal year 2022 and setting forth the appropriate budgetary levels for fiscal years 2023 through 2031.," accessed April 15, 2022
    93. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.5746 - Freedom to Vote: John R. Lewis Act," accessed January 20, 2023
    94. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2617 - Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023," accessed January 20, 2023
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    96. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1790 - National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
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    98. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1865 - Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020," accessed April 27, 2024
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    102. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.6395 - William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021," accessed April 27, 2024
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    104. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.1 - Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
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    107. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3055 - Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019," accessed April 27, 2024
    108. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.1327 - Never Forget the Heroes: James Zadroga, Ray Pfeifer, and Luis Alvarez Permanent Authorization of the September 11th Victim Compensation Fund Act," accessed April 27, 2024
    109. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 28, 2024
    110. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.Res.755 - Impeaching Donald John Trump, President of the United States, for high crimes and misdemeanors.," accessed April 28, 2024
    111. ↑ Congress.gov, “H.R.5430 - United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Implementation Act,” accessed April 28, 2024
    112. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.151 - Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act" accessed April 28, 2024
    113. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.3401 - Emergency Supplemental Appropriations for Humanitarian Assistance and Security at the Southern Border Act, 2019,' accessed April 28, 2024
    114. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R.2157 - Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019," accessed April 28, 2024
    115. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.J.Res.46 - Relating to a national emergency declared by the President on February 15, 2019.," accessed April 28, 2024
    116. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment with an Amendment)," December 18, 2018
    117. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 2)," December 11, 2018
    118. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Nomination (Confirmation Brett M. Kavanaugh, of Maryland, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 6, 2018
    119. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture Re: Brett M. Kavanaugh to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," October 5, 2018
    120. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2, As Amended)," June 28, 2018
    121. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1959)," February 15, 2018
    122. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1958 As Modified)," February 15, 2018
    123. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1948)," February 15, 2018
    124. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on Amdt. No. 1955)," February 15, 2018
    125. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Cloture on the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Proceed to the Consideration of S. 2311)," January 29, 2018
    126. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (McConnell Amdt. No. 667)," July 28, 2017
    127. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Amendment (Paul Amdt. No. 271 )," July 26, 2017
    128. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Waive All Applicable Budgetary Discipline Re: Amdt. No. 270)," July 25, 2017
    129. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Proceed (Motion to Proceed to H.R. 1628)," July 25, 2017
    130. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 7, 2017
    131. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Upon Reconsideration, Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
    132. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Decision of the Chair (Shall the Decision of the Chair Stand as the Judgment of the Senate?)," April 6, 2017
    133. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Nomination of Neil M. Gorsuch, of Colorado, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)," April 6, 2017
    134. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 6157)," September 18, 2018
    135. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Conference Report (Conference Report to Accompany H.R. 5895)," September 12, 2018
    136. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H. R. 6157 As Amended)," August 23, 2018
    137. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 5895 As Amended)," June 25, 2018
    138. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1625)," March 23, 2018
    139. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1892 with an Amendment (SA 1930))," February 9, 2018
    140. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture on the Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 695)," February 8, 2018
    141. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment with Further Amendment)," January 22, 2018
    142. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 22, 2018
    143. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Cloture Motion (Motion to Invoke Cloture: House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 195)," January 19, 2018
    144. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1370)," December 21, 2017
    145. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion to Recede from the Senate Amendment to H.R. 1 and Concur with Further Amendment ," December 20, 2017
    146. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (H.J. Res. 123)," December 7, 2017
    147. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 1 As Amended )," December 2, 2017
    148. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Concurrent Resolution (H. Con. Res. 71 As Amended)," October 19, 2017
    149. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amdt. to the Senate Amdt. with an Amdt. No. 808 to H.R. 601)," September 7, 2017
    150. ↑ U.S. Senate, "On the Motion (Motion to Concur in the House Amendment to the Senate Amendment to H.R. 244)," May 4, 2017
    151. ↑ Senate.gov, "On the Joint Resolution (S.J. Res. 54, As Amended), December 13, 2018
    152. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 2810 As Amended)," September 18, 2017
    153. ↑ The Hill, "Senate sends $692B defense policy bill to Trump's desk," November 15, 2017
    154. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (H.R. 3364)," July 27, 2017
    155. ↑ Senate.gov, "On Passage of the Bill (S. 722 As Amended)," June 15, 2017
    156. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the 113th Congress," accessed April 29, 2015
    157. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, Second Session of the 114th Congress," accessed January 5, 2017
    158. ↑ Congressional Record, "Resume of Congressional Activity, First Session of the One Hundred Fourteenth Congress," April 13, 2015
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    160. ↑ Senate.gov, "H.R. 1314 (Ensuring Tax Exempt Organizations the Right to Appeal Act)," accessed May 25, 2015
    161. ↑ Senate.gov, "Roll Call for HR 2146," June 24, 2015
    162. ↑ The Hill, "Senate approves fast-track, sending trade bill to White House," June 24, 2015
    163. ↑ The Hill, "Obama signs trade bills," June 29, 2015
    164. ↑ Congress.gov, "S.Con.Res.11," accessed May 5, 2015
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    166. ↑ The Hill, "Republicans pass a budget, flexing power of majority," accessed May 5, 2015
    167. ↑ The Hill, "Redone defense policy bill sails through House," accessed November 12, 2015
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    173. ↑ Congress.gov, "H.R. 1735," accessed May 27, 2015
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